- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Letters

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Supernova Axions Convert to Gamma Rays in Magnetic Fields of Progenitor Stars

Claudio Andrea Manzari, Yujin Park, Benjamin R. Safdi, and Inbar Savoray

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 211002 – Published 19 November, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.211002

Abstract

It has long been established that axions could have been produced within the nascent proto-neutron star formed following the type II supernova SN1987A, escaped the star due to their weak interactions, and then converted to gamma rays in the Galactic magnetic fields; the nonobservation of a gamma-ray flash coincident with the neutrino burst leads to strong constraints on the axion-photon coupling for axion masses ma≲10−10  eV. In this Letter, we use SN1987A to constrain higher mass axions, all the way to ma∼10−3  eV, by accounting for axion production from the Primakoff process, nucleon bremsstrahlung, and pion conversion along with axion-photon conversion on the still-intact magnetic fields of the progenitor star. Moreover, we show that gamma-ray observations of the next Galactic supernova, leveraging the magnetic fields of the progenitor star, could detect quantum chromodynamics axions for masses above roughly 50  μeV, depending on the supernova. We propose a new full-sky gamma-ray satellite constellation that we call the GALactic AXion Instrument for Supernova (GALAXIS) to search for such future signals along with related signals from extragalactic neutron star mergers.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (138)

  1. K. Hirata et al. (Kamiokande-II Collaboration), Observation of a neutrino burst from the supernova SN 1987a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1490 (1987).
  2. R. M. Bionta et al., Observation of a neutrino burst in coincidence with supernova SN 1987a in the large magellanic cloud, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1494 (1987).
  3. E. N. Alekseev, L. N. Alekseeva, V. I. Volchenko, and I. V. Krivosheina, Possible detection of a neutrino signal on 23 February 1987 at the baksan underground scintillation telescope of the institute of nuclear research, JETP Lett. 45, 589 (1987), http://jetpletters.ru/ps/1245/article_18825.shtml.
  4. G. G. Raffelt, Stars as laboratories for fundamental physics: The astrophysics of neutrinos, axions, and other weakly interacting particles (1996), https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo3683609.html.
  5. Georg G. Raffelt, Astrophysical methods to constrain axions and other novel particle phenomena, Phys. Rep. 198, 1 (1990).
  6. Jack W. Brockway, Eric D. Carlson, and Georg G. Raffelt, SN1987A gamma-ray limits on the conversion of pseudoscalars, Phys. Lett. B 383, 439 (1996).
  7. J. A. Grifols, E. Masso, and R. Toldra, Gamma-rays from SN1987A due to pseudoscalar conversion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2372 (1996).
  8. Alexandre Payez, Carmelo Evoli, Tobias Fischer, Maurizio Giannotti, Alessandro Mirizzi, and Andreas Ringwald, Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 02 (2015) 006.
  9. Sebastian Hoof and Lena Schulz, Updated constraints on axion-like particles from temporal information in supernova SN1987A gamma-ray data, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 03 (2023) 054.
  10. Andrea Caputo and Georg Raffelt, Astrophysical axion bounds: The 2024 Edition, Proc. Sci., 454 (2024) 041 [arXiv:2401.13728].
  11. Dany Page, Mikhail V. Beznogov, Iván Garibay, James M. Lattimer, Madappa Prakash, and Hans-Thomas Janka, NS 1987A in SN 1987A, Astrophys. J. 898, 125 (2020).
  12. C. Fransson et al., Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A, Science 383, 898 (2024).
  13. R. D. Peccei and Helen R. Quinn, CP conservation in the presence of instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1440 (1977).
  14. R. D. Peccei and Helen R. Quinn, Constraints imposed by CP conservation in the presence of instantons, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1791 (1977).
  15. Steven Weinberg, A new light boson?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 223 (1978).
  16. Frank Wilczek, Problem of strong P and T invariance in the presence of instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 279 (1978).
  17. John Preskill, Mark B. Wise, and Frank Wilczek, Cosmology of the invisible axion, Phys. Lett. 120B, 127 (1983).
  18. L. F. Abbott and P. Sikivie, A cosmological bound on the invisible axion, Phys. Lett. 120B, 133 (1983).
  19. Michael Dine and Willy Fischler, The not so harmless axion, Phys. Lett. 120B, 137 (1983).
  20. Peter Svrcek and Edward Witten, Axions in string theory, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2006) 051.
  21. Asimina Arvanitaki, Savas Dimopoulos, Sergei Dubovsky, Nemanja Kaloper, and John March-Russell, String axiverse, Phys. Rev. D 81, 123530 (2010).
  22. Michele Cicoli, Mark Goodsell, and Andreas Ringwald, The type IIB string axiverse and its low-energy phenomenology, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2012) 146.
  23. Mehmet Demirtas, Cody Long, Liam McAllister, and Mike Stillman, The Kreuzer-Skarke axiverse, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2020) 138.
  24. James Halverson, Cody Long, Brent Nelson, and Gustavo Salinas, Towards string theory expectations for photon couplings to axionlike particles, Phys. Rev. D 100, 106010 (2019).
  25. Mehmet Demirtas, Naomi Gendler, Cody Long, Liam McAllister, and Jakob Moritz, PQ axiverse, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2023) 092.
  26. Christopher S. Reynolds, M. C. David Marsh, Helen R. Russell, Andrew C. Fabian, Robyn Smith, Francesco Tombesi, and Sylvain Veilleux, Astrophysical limits on very light axion-like particles from Chandra grating spectroscopy of NGC 1275, Astrophys. J. 890, 59 (2020).
  27. Christopher Dessert, Joshua W. Foster, and Benjamin R. Safdi, X-ray searches for axions from super star clusters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 261102 (2020).
  28. Júlia Sisk Reynés, James H. Matthews, Christopher S. Reynolds, Helen R. Russell, Robyn N. Smith, and M. C. David Marsh, New constraints on light axion-like particles using Chandra transmission grating spectroscopy of the powerful cluster-hosted quasar H1821+643, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 510, 1264 (2021).
  29. Dion Noordhuis, Anirudh Prabhu, Samuel J. Witte, Alexander Y. Chen, Fábio Cruz, and Christoph Weniger, Novel constraints on axions produced in pulsar polar-cap cascades, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 111004 (2023).
  30. Christopher Dessert, David Dunsky, and Benjamin R. Safdi, Upper limit on the axion-photon coupling from magnetic white dwarf polarization, Phys. Rev. D 105, 103034 (2022).
  31. Matthew J. Dolan, Frederick J. Hiskens, and Raymond R. Volkas, Advancing globular cluster constraints on the axion-photon coupling, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 10 (2022) 096.
  32. James Davies, Manuel Meyer, and Garret Cotter, Constraints on axionlike particles from a combined analysis of three flaring Fermi flat-spectrum radio quasars, Phys. Rev. D 107, 083027 (2023).
  33. Orion Ning and Benjamin R. Safdi, Leading axion-photon sensitivity with NuSTAR observations of M82 and M87, arXiv:2404.14476.
  34. Ciaran O’HARE, cajohare/axionlimits: Axionlimits (2020).
  35. R. L. Workman and Others (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 083C01 (2022).
  36. Georg Raffelt and David Seckel, Bounds on exotic particle interactions from SN 1987a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1793 (1988).
  37. John Ellis and K. A. Olive, Constraints on light particles from supernova SN 1987A, Phys. Lett. B 193, 525 (1987).
  38. Michael S. Turner, Axions from SN 1987a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1797 (1988).
  39. Ron Mayle, James R. Wilson, John Ellis, Keith Olive, David N. Schramm, and Gary Steigman, Constraints on axions from SN 1987A, Phys. Lett. B 203, 188 (1988).
  40. Ron Mayle, James R. Wilson, John Ellis, Keith A. Olive, David N. Schramm, and Gary Steigman, Updated constraints on axions from SN1987A, in The Big Bang and Other Explosions in Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics, edited by D. N. Schramm (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 1996), pp. 188–193.
  41. Ralf Peter Brinkmann and Michael S. Turner, Numerical rates for nucleon-nucleon axion bremsstrahlung, Phys. Rev. D 38, 2338 (1988).
  42. Adam Burrows, Michael S. Turner, and R. P. Brinkmann, Axions and SN 1987a, Phys. Rev. D 39, 1020 (1989).
  43. Hans-Thomas Janka, Wolfgang Keil, Georg Raffelt, and David Seckel, Nucleon spin fluctuations and the supernova emission of neutrinos and axions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2621 (1996).
  44. Wolfgang Keil, Hans-Thomas Janka, David N. Schramm, Gunter Sigl, Michael S. Turner, and John R. Ellis, A fresh look at axions and SN-1987A, Phys. Rev. D 56, 2419 (1997).
  45. Tobias Fischer, Sovan Chakraborty, Maurizio Giannotti, Alessandro Mirizzi, Alexandre Payez, and Andreas Ringwald, Probing axions with the neutrino signal from the next galactic supernova, Phys. Rev. D 94, 085012 (2016).
  46. Pierluca Carenza, Tobias Fischer, Maurizio Giannotti, Gang Guo, Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo, and Alessandro Mirizzi, Improved axion emissivity from a supernova via nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 10 (2019) 016; 05 (2020) E01.
  47. Alessandro Lella, Pierluca Carenza, Giampaolo Co’, Giuseppe Lucente, Maurizio Giannotti, Alessandro Mirizzi, and Thomas Rauscher, Getting the most on supernova axions, Phys. Rev. D 109, 023001 (2024).
  48. Claudio Andrea Manzari, Jorge Martin Camalich, Jonas Spinner, and Robert Ziegler, Supernova limits on muonic dark forces, Phys. Rev. D 108, 103020 (2023).
  49. M. Meyer, M. Giannotti, A. Mirizzi, J. Conrad, and M. A. Sánchez-Conde, Fermi large area telescope as a galactic supernovae axionscope, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 011103 (2017).
  50. Francesca Calore, Pierluca Carenza, Christopher Eckner, Maurizio Giannotti, Giuseppe Lucente, Alessandro Mirizzi, and Francesco Sivo, Uncovering axionlike particles in supernova gamma-ray spectra, Phys. Rev. D 109, 043010 (2024).
  51. D. J. Forrest, E. L. Chupp, J. M. Ryan, M. L. Cherry, I. U. Gleske, C. Reppin, K. Pinkau, E. Rieger, G. Kanbach, R. L. Kinzer, G. Share, W. N. Johnson, and J. D. Kurfess, The gamma ray spectrometer for the solar maximum mission, Sol. Phys. 65, 15 (1980).
  52. Pierluca Carenza, Bryce Fore, Maurizio Giannotti, Alessandro Mirizzi, and Sanjay Reddy, Enhanced supernova axion emission and its implications, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 071102 (2021).
  53. Tobias Fischer, Pierluca Carenza, Bryce Fore, Maurizio Giannotti, Alessandro Mirizzi, and Sanjay Reddy, Observable signatures of enhanced axion emission from protoneutron stars, Phys. Rev. D 104, 103012 (2021).
  54. Kiwoon Choi, Hee Jung Kim, Hyeonseok Seong, and Chang Sub Shin, Axion emission from supernova with axion-pion-nucleon contact interaction, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2022) 143.
  55. Thomas Vonk, Feng-Kun Guo, and Ulf-G. Meißner, Pion axioproduction: The Δ resonance contribution, Phys. Rev. D 105, 054029 (2022).
  56. Shu-Yu Ho, Jongkuk Kim, Pyungwon Ko, and Jae-hyeon Park, Supernova axion emissivity with Δ(1232) resonance in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, Phys. Rev. D 107, 075002 (2023).
  57. Robert Bollig, William DeRocco, Peter W. Graham, and Hans-Thomas Janka, Muons in supernovae: Implications for the axion-muon coupling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 051104 (2020).
  58. Hans-Thomas Janka, Explosion mechanisms of core-collapse supernovae, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 62, 407 (2012).
  59. R. Bollig, H. Th. Janka, A. Lohs, G. Martinez-Pinedo, C. J. Horowitz, and T. Melson, Muon creation in supernova matter facilitates neutrino-driven explosions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 242702 (2017).
  60. Sanghyeon Chang and Kiwoon Choi, Hadronic axion window and the big bang nucleosynthesis, Phys. Lett. B 316, 51 (1993).
  61. Thomas Vonk, Feng-Kun Guo, and Ulf-G. Meißner, The axion-baryon coupling in SU(3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2021) 024.
  62. Jihn E. Kim, Weak interaction singlet and strong CP invariance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 103 (1979).
  63. Mikhail A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein, and Valentin I. Zakharov, Can confinement ensure natural CP invariance of strong interactions?, Nucl. Phys. B166, 493 (1980).
  64. Michael Dine, Willy Fischler, and Mark Srednicki, A simple solution to the strong CP problem with a harmless axion, Phys. Lett. 104B, 199 (1981).
  65. A. R. Zhitnitsky, On possible suppression of the axion hadron interactions. (In Russian), Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 31, 260 (1980).
  66. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.211002 for additional derivations, extended data analyses, and supporting figures, which includes Ref. [67–91].
  67. Malte Buschmann, Raymond T. Co, Christopher Dessert, and Benjamin R. Safdi, Axion emission can explain a new hard x-ray excess from nearby isolated neutron stars, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 021102 (2021).
  68. Andrea Caputo, Georg Raffelt, and Edoardo Vitagliano, Muonic boson limits: Supernova redux, Phys. Rev. D 105, 035022 (2022).
  69. Pierluca Carenza, Axion emission from supernovae: A cheatsheet, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 836 (2023).
  70. Mark Srednicki, Axion couplings to matter. 1. CP conserving parts, Nucl. Phys. B260, 689 (1985).
  71. Martin Bauer, Matthias Neubert, and Andrea Thamm, Collider probes of axion-like particles, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2017) 044.
  72. Martin Bauer, Matthias Neubert, Sophie Renner, Marvin Schnubel, and Andrea Thamm, The low-energy effective theory of axions and ALPs, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2021) 063.
  73. Giovanni Grilli di Cortona, Edward Hardy, Javier Pardo Vega, and Giovanni Villadoro, The QCD axion, precisely, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2016) 034.
  74. Luca Di Luzio, Maurizio Giannotti, Enrico Nardi, and Luca Visinelli, The landscape of QCD axion models, Phys. Rep. 870, 1 (2020).
  75. Georg Raffelt and Leo Stodolsky, Mixing of the photon with low mass particles, Phys. Rev. D 37, 1237 (1988).
  76. W. Heisenberg and H. Euler, Consequences of Dirac theory of the positron, Z. Phys. 98, 714 (1936).
  77. James M. Cordes and T. J. W. Lazio, NE2001. 1. A new model for the galactic distribution of free electrons and its fluctuations, arXiv:astro-ph/0207156.
  78. M. Aurière, J. F. Donati, R. Konstantinova-Antova, G. Perrin, P. Petit, and T. Roudier, The magnetic field of Betelgeuse: A local dynamo from giant convection cells?, Astron. Astrophys. 516, L2 (2010).
  79. S. B. F. Dorch, Magnetic activity in late—type giant stars: Numerical MHD simulations of non-linear dynamo action in Betelgeuse, Astron. Astrophys. 423, 1101 (2004).
  80. Jared A. Goldberg, Yan-Fei Jiang, and Lars Bildsten, Numerical simulations of convective three-dimensional red supergiant envelopes, Astrophys. J. 929, 156 (2022).
  81. Arkady B. Migdal, E. E. Saperstein, M. A. Troitsky, and D. N. Voskresensky, Pion degrees of freedom in nuclear matter, Phys. Rep. 192, 179 (1990).
  82. Bryce Fore and Sanjay Reddy, Pions in hot dense matter and their astrophysical implications, Phys. Rev. C 101, 035809 (2020).
  83. Bryce Fore, Norbert Kaiser, Sanjay Reddy, and Neill C. Warrington, The mass of charged pions in neutron star matter, Phys. Rev. C 110, 025803 (2024).
  84. Malte Buschmann, Christopher Dessert, Joshua W. Foster, Andrew J. Long, and Benjamin R. Safdi, Upper limit on the QCD axion mass from isolated neutron star cooling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 091102 (2022).
  85. Kenta Kiuchi, Sho Fujibayashi, Kota Hayashi, Koutarou Kyutoku, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, and Masaru Shibata, Self-consistent picture of the mass ejection from a one second long binary neutron star merger leaving a short-lived remnant in a general-relativistic neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 011401 (2023).
  86. Matthias Hanauske, Jan Steinheimer, Anton Motornenko, Volodymyr Vovchenko, Luke Bovard, Elias R. Most, L. Jens Papenfort, Stefan Schramm, and Horst Stöcker, Neutron star mergers: Probing the EoS of hot, dense matter by gravitational waves, Particles 2, 44 (2019).
  87. Francesco Zappa, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, David Radice, and Albino Perego, Binary neutron star merger simulations with neutrino transport and turbulent viscosity: Impact of different schemes and grid resolution, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 520, 1481 (2023).
  88. David Radice and Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Ab-initio general-relativistic neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics simulations of long-lived neutron star merger remnants to neutrino cooling timescales, Astrophys. J. 959, 46 (2023).
  89. B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific and Virgo Collaborations), GWTC-1: A gravitational-wave transient catalog of compact binary mergers observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first and second observing runs, Phys. Rev. X 9, 031040 (2019).
  90. Luciano Combi and Daniel M. Siegel, Jets from neutron-star merger remnants and massive blue kilonovae, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 231402 (2023).
  91. Jean-François Fortin, Huai-Ke Guo, Steven P. Harris, Elijah Sheridan, and Kuver Sinha, Magnetars and axion-like particles: Probes with the hard x-ray spectrum, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 06 (2021) 036.
  92. Martin Bauer, Matthias Neubert, Sophie Renner, Marvin Schnubel, and Andrea Thamm, Flavor probes of axion-like particles, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2022) 056.
  93. Christopher Dessert, Andrew J. Long, and Benjamin R. Safdi, No evidence for axions from chandra observation of the magnetic white dwarf RE J0317-853, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 071102 (2022).
  94. Georg G. Raffelt, Astrophysical axion bounds diminished by screening effects, Phys. Rev. D 33, 897 (1986).
  95. Garching Core-Collapse Supernova archive, https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/ccsnarchive/.
  96. Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Malte Heinlein, Hans-Thomas Janka, Georg Raffelt, Edoardo Vitagliano, and Robert Bollig, Supernova simulations confront SN 1987A neutrinos, Phys. Rev. D 108, 083040 (2023).
  97. Alessandro Mirizzi, Irene Tamborra, Hans-Thomas Janka, Ninetta Saviano, Kate Scholberg, Robert Bollig, Lorenz Hudepohl, and Sovan Chakraborty, Supernova neutrinos: Production, oscillations and detection, Riv. Nuovo Cimento 39, 1 (2016).
  98. Markus Rampp and H. Thomas Janka, Radiation hydrodynamics with neutrinos: Variable Eddington factor method for core collapse supernova simulations, Astron. Astrophys. 396, 361 (2002).
  99. Tobias Fischer, Matthias Hempel, Irina Sagert, Yudai Suwa, and Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich, Symmetry energy impact in simulations of core-collapse supernovae, Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 46 (2014).
  100. M. Oertel, M. Hempel, T. Klähn, and S. Typel, Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015007 (2017).
  101. Tobias Fischer, Niels-Uwe Bastian, David Blaschke, Mateusz Cierniak, Matthias Hempel, Thomas Klähn, Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo, William G. Newton, Gerd Röpke, and Stefan Typel, The state of matter in simulations of core-collapse supernovae—Reflections and recent developments, Pub. Astron. Soc. Aust. 34, 67 (2017).
  102. Paul Demorest, Tim Pennucci, Scott Ransom, Mallory Roberts, and Jason Hessels, Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star, Nature (London) 467, 1081 (2010).
  103. John Antoniadis et al., A massive pulsar in a compact relativistic binary, Science 340, 6131 (2013).
  104. H. T. Cromartie et al. (NANOGrav Collaboration), Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar, Nat. Astron. 4, 72 (2019).
  105. B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific and Virgo Collaborations), GW170817: Measurements of neutron star radii and equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 161101 (2018).
  106. Andreas Bauswein, Oliver Just, Hans-Thomas Janka, and Nikolaos Stergioulas, Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections, Astrophys. J. Lett. 850, L34 (2017).
  107. Reed Essick, Ingo Tews, Philippe Landry, Sanjay Reddy, and Daniel E. Holz, Direct astrophysical tests of chiral effective field theory at supranuclear densities, Phys. Rev. C 102, 055803 (2020).
  108. Anson Hook, Solving the hierarchy problem discretely, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 261802 (2018).
  109. Luca Di Luzio, Belen Gavela, Pablo Quilez, and Andreas Ringwald, An even lighter QCD axion, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2021) 184.
  110. S. Orlando et al., 3D MHD modeling of the expanding remnant of SN 1987A. Role of magnetic field and non-thermal radio emission, Astron. Astrophys. 622, A73 (2019).
  111. S. E. Woosley, SN 1987A: After the peak, Astrophys. J. 330, 218 (1988).
  112. T. K. Suzuki, K. Sumiyoshi, and S. Yamada, Alfven wave-driven supernova explosion, Astrophys. J. 678, 1200 (2008).
  113. O. Petruk, V. Beshley, S. Orlando, F. Bocchino, M. Miceli, S. Nagataki, M. Ono, S. Loru, A. Pellizzoni, and E. Egron, Polarized radio emission unveils the structure of the pre-supernova circumstellar magnetic field and the radio emission in SN1987A, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 518, 6377 (2022).
  114. I. Petermann, N. Langer, N. Castro, and L. Fossati, Blue supergiants as descendants of magnetic main sequence stars, Astron. Astrophys. 584, A54 (2015).
  115. H. Sana, S. E. de Mink, A. de Koter, N. Langer, C. J. Evans, M. Gieles, E. Gosset, R. G. Izzard, J. B. Le Bouquin, and F. R. N. Schneider, Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars, Science 337, 444 (2012).
  116. Thomas Morris and Philipp Podsiadlowski, The triple-ring nebula around SN 1987A: Fingerprint of a binary merger, Science 315, 1103 (2007).
  117. J. F. Donati and J. D. Landstreet, Magnetic fields of nondegenerate stars, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47, 333 (2009).
  118. L. Fossati, N. Castro, T. Morel, N. Langer, M. Briquet, T. A. Carroll, S. Hubrig, M. F. Nieva, L. M. Oskinova, N. Przybilla, F. R. N. Schneider, M. Schöller, S. Simón-Díaz, I. Ilyin, A. de Koter, A. Reisenegger, and H. Sana, B fields in OB stars (BOB): On the detection of weak magnetic fields in the two early B-type stars βCMa and εCMa. Possible lack of a “magnetic desert”’ in massive stars, Astron. Astrophys. 574, A20 (2015).
  119. E. N. Parker, Dynamics of the interplanetary gas and magnetic fields, Astrophys. J. 128, 664 (1958).
  120. Benjamin R. Safdi, TASI lectures on the particle physics and astrophysics of dark matter, Proc. Sci., TASI2022, 009 (2024) [arXiv:2303.02169].
  121. Michael Unger and Glennys R. Farrar, The coherent magnetic field of the Milky Way, Astrophys. J. 970, 95 (2024).
  122. Ronnie Jansson and Glennys R. Farrar, A new model of the galactic magnetic field, Astrophys. J. 757, 14 (2012).
  123. Robin Bähre et al., Any light particle search II—technical design report, J. Instrum. 8, T09001 (2013).
  124. Isabella Oceano (ALPS II Collaboration), Axion and ALP search with the any light particle search II experiment at DESY, Proc. Sci., EPS-HEP2023 (2024) 117.
  125. Andreas Ringwald, Review on axions, arXiv:2404.09036.

  126. https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/analysis/documentation/.

  127. Shao-Feng Ge, Koichi Hamaguchi, Koichi Ichimura, Koji Ishidoshiro, Yoshiki Kanazawa, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Natsumi Nagata, and Jiaming Zheng, Supernova-scope for the direct search of supernova axions, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2020) 059.
  128. Samer Alnussirat et al., The advanced particle-astrophysics telescope: Simulation of the instrument performance for gamma-ray detection, Proc. Sci., ICRC2021 (2021) 590.
  129. James H. Buckley et al. (APT Collaboration), The advanced particle-astrophysics telescope (APT) project status, Proc. Sci., ICRC2021 (2021) 655.
  130. Alessandro Lella, Francesca Calore, Pierluca Carenza, Christopher Eckner, Maurizio Giannotti, Giuseppe Lucente, and Alessandro Mirizzi, Probing protoneutron stars with gamma-ray axionscopes, arXiv:2405.02395.
  131. Peter F. Bloser, David Murphy, Fabrizio Fiore, and Jeremy Perkins, CubeSats for gamma-ray astronomy, arXiv:2212.11413.
  132. E. Armengaud et al. (IAXO Collaboration), Physics potential of the international axion observatory (IAXO), J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 06 (2019) 047.
  133. S. Beurthey et al., MADMAX status report, arXiv:2003.10894.
  134. Alexander J. Millar et al., Searching for dark matter with plasma haloscopes, Phys. Rev. D 107, 055013 (2023).
  135. Nitsan Bar, Kfir Blum, and Guido D’Amico, Is there a supernova bound on axions?, Phys. Rev. D 101, 123025 (2020).
  136. Tim Dietrich and Katy Clough, Cooling binary neutron star remnants via nucleon-nucleon-axion bremsstrahlung, Phys. Rev. D 100, 083005 (2019).
  137. Steven P. Harris, Jean-Francois Fortin, Kuver Sinha, and Mark G. Alford, Axions in neutron star mergers, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07 (2020) 023.
  138. P. S. Bhupal Dev, Jean-François Fortin, Steven P. Harris, Kuver Sinha, and Yongchao Zhang, First constraints on the photon coupling of axionlike particles from multimessenger studies of the neutron star merger GW170817, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 101003 (2024).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 211002– Published 19 November, 2024
  • Received 26 June 2024
  • Accepted 17 October 2024
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation